The Pressures of Teenage Life - 898 Words

Teenagers constantly worry about their body image. Magazines, newspapers, and television don’t exactly help to boost their confidence. The portrayal of stick thin woman and body building men forces teens to believe they need to achieve that â€Å"perfect† body and look. The biggest issue of these images being broadcasted to teens is the effects that the images have on them. Teenagers who obsess over their body image can experience stress due to trying to impress others, develop an eating disorder, and neglect, and even jeopardize, important aspects of their lives when they focus too much on their body image. Stress is a big part of teenagers’ lives. From school to boyfriends to keeping up with the latest fashion trends, there is already†¦show more content†¦The effects of eating disorders not only harm their health, but they also continues to hurt their self-esteem. Teens tend to hide the fact that they have an eating disorder as much as they can and th at adds to their stress, and it eventually just makes matters even worse. Cindy Maynard, a health and medical writer and a registered dietitian, notes that eating disorders can also develop when a teen is pressured to look a certain way for a sport (277). Wrestlers are to be at a certain weight and can experience an eating disorder when trying to meet the requirements. Cutting weight in a short amount of time for a wrestling match takes a toll on their bodies, and the constant pressure to maintain that weight is overwhelming. Cheerleaders and dancers also experience the pressure of maintaining a certain body image. Although some coaches don’t come right out and say that it’s a requirement to be thin and fit to be a cheerleader or dancer, the expectation has already been set by the students in the school and even the media. Magazines and TV shows both show skinny dancers and cheerleaders, but the reality is that not everyone looks like that. The glorified â€Å"perfect† body becomes a lot less glamorous when you realize those people make up only a small fraction of our society. I was a cheerleader for three years. I cheered in junior high and my freshman and sophomore year of highShow MoreRelatedTeenage Pregnancy : More And More Teenagers Are Becoming Pregnant Nowadays?1487 Words   |  6 PagesHarrell English II Honors Ms. Vandeusen April 13, 2013 Teenage Pregnancy More and more teenagers are becoming pregnant nowadays. Could it be because of the multiple television shows they could be watching about Teenage Pregnancy glamorizing the idea? Is the media suggesting to young adults that it is okay to be pregnant at a young age? Throughout the years, teenage pregnancy rates have increased due to the influence of mass media and the peer pressure teenagers are faced with every day; however, it isRead MoreEssay on Teenage Drinking In America920 Words   |  4 Pagesmany causes of teenage drinking and effects that prove that drinking is an important issue that needs to be dealt with to preserve American teenagers. Teenage drinking will become worse of a problem if it continues unchecked on its current path to destruction. Alcohol abuse among teenagers in the United States is a plague that is destroying the structure of American society. Statistics show that there certainly is a problem with teens and alcohol in America. Half of the teenage deaths in AmericaRead MoreTeenage Addiction to Smoking1498 Words   |  6 PagesSmoking has taken an enormous toll on the minds and health of young teens around the world. Teenage smoking is an epidemic that has derives from several causes. Smoking in young teens has become more common this day in age. Smoking in young teens is most commonly brought about by peer pressure. According to an article Teenage Smoking, â€Å"At no other time in life is peer pressure stronger than during the teenage years. Teens want to fit in and want to be cool, even at the expense of their health. It isRead MoreCauses of Teenage Depression1538 Words   |  7 Pages(â€Å"A Guide for Parents†). The depression rate in the teen’s generation is rising every day. Teenage depression is not just bad moods and occasional melancholy; it’s a serious problem that impacts every aspect of a teen’s life (â€Å"A Guide for Parents†). To better understand why teens are depressed, it would help to know the causes of depression, such as, trauma, life experiences, and social anxiety or peer pressure. Trauma’s can definitely scare someone for a lifetime, but it can also give them depressionRead MoreTeenage Girls in Society Essay example1274 Words   |  6 Pagessituations we encounter every day, which life goes on according to what you know as a tradition and influences your everyday life. It acts as an answer to everyday problems or situations that can be answered by past traditions that you become familiar with in time. (17) An example of this tradition would be in the character Amal. Mohamed Nasrullah Abdel-Hakim is a sixteen year old Australian Palestinian-Muslim high school girl who struggles with everyday Teenage issues impacted by Society. AlthoughRead MoreCauses of Teen Pregnancy Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pagesto be a precious gift, but this generation is turning it into a new trend that they perceive to be as socially acceptable. I was raised to receive an education first, marry the love of my life, and then have children. Some people may call it old fashion, but I believe that is the plan God has for everyone’s life. The bible says, â€Å"Marriage should be honored by all, and the marriage bed kept pure, for God will judge the adulterer and all the sexually immoral. (New International Version, Hebrews 13:4)Read MoreTeenage Depression - Teen Suicide1399 Words   |  6 Pagesyears’ teenage depression has drastically increased due to multiple factors such as peer pressure and bullying. According to Linda Lamb’s article Young People Can Suffer From Depression, Too,† The suicide rate among teenagers [today] is about 10 per 100,000†. A handout from the Health and Human Services Department and National Institute of Mental Health stated,† in the last 25 years, the rate of suicide among teenagers and young adults has increased dramatically.† The awareness of teenage depressionRead MoreAbortion And Racism : An Advocate For Men And Women Seeking Post Abortion Healing1336 Words   |  6 Pagesat a t ime. An abortion leaves the mother in a vulnerable state, even more so when the mother is a teenager. Abortions negatively affect a teenage girl psychologically, physically and socially. The effects that an abortion leaves on a teenage girl are extremely negative and forces their lives to resentfully change. Abortion psychologically impaires a teenage mother negatively. the majority of abortions that are performed, are performed on young girls who are not fully developed into adulthoodRead MoreTeenage Driving and Accidents1461 Words   |  6 Pagesand how to handle distractions. If the age were moved to eighteen teenagers would have more driving experience (Sostarecz). Teenage drivers are extremely eager to drive because of freedom, but they are not aware of the distractions and peer pressure on the road; their experience of driving is not as well as others and statistics show how many deaths are caused due to teenage driving. Most teenagers are excited to get their license so they are able to be with their friends. They believe it is funRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A Growing Epidemic1733 Words   |  7 Pages McFadden Teenage Pregnancy: A Growing Epidemic Over the last five years, teenage pregnancy rates have increased substantially. According to Evelyn Kappeler, director of the Office of Adolescent Health, â€Å"One in four girls will become pregnant before the age of twenty.† (http://youth.gov/sites/default/files/2015TPPMonth_DirectorStatement.pdf) Teenage pregnancy is a growing problem that has now become a major epidemic. Most of the incidents that happen with accidental teenage pregnancy are

Police Brutality Is Not An Issue - 2281 Words

Within the past year, law enforcement officers across the nation have come under intense scrutiny for police encounters that have resulted in the use of force and police involved shootings. Every time a person of color is killed by a police officer, the media broadcasts the shooting nationwide, inciting hate, anger and racism. Nothing productive is achieved when the media focuses on officers killing people of color. Instead, trust, faith and respect is lost from the public, and law enforcement officers are feared. People fear that when they encounter the police, they will be shot because of who they are. Sadly, all officers across the nation deal with the harsh scrutiny that has resulted from the actions of few. Majority of officers are good, hard working individuals who would put their life on the line to save and protect human life. Yet, on a daily basis, officers across the nation are disrespected and hated, simply for the job they do and who they represent. Despite recent events, police brutality is not an issue; law enforcement officers are still deserving of the public’s trust and this trust can be rectified with the understanding of use of force, increased community policing and continued use of force training for officers. It is evident that having an understanding of use of force allows for an individual to understand why and how police officers respond to specific situations. Majority of the public may not understand how, why or when an officer may use forceShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Police Brutality1502 Words   |  7 PagesPolice brutality is a major issue in America and has been a hot topic that is the center of controversy. There have been many efforts to stop this abuse of power. Those efforts prove to have little results that will stop it. In some cases, law enforcement officers abuse their power and go too far, but it is not always the police officer who is at fault. Many claims have been proven false and the victim can turns out to be someone merely trying to get away with a crime. Claims can be proven accurateRead MoreThe Issue Of Police Brutality1954 Words   |  8 PagesCheatham Professor Sanders HIST April 24 2015 Proposal Every person should have equal rights and opportunities not based on their ethnicity, race, or culture. There are countrywide issues that have lead to racial injustice. In recent discussions on racial injustice, one major issue has been the many cases of police brutality and hate crimes against minorities. Many falsely accused people are being incarcerated simply based on the color of their skin or how they look. Racism has been a huge part of AmericasRead MoreThe Issue Of Police Brutality1823 Words   |  8 PagesCarson O’Brien 6th Minotaur: An Essay On The Issue Of Police Brutality The poor man lurches towards the nest, a blood trail left by the cut in his foot wanders behind the fellow. His stomach stirs up in a fit, he hasnt eaten in a few days. Footsteps echo throughout the corridor, drowsey the man confuses his own footsteps for those of the creature that defends this cavern. A cold air grazes his neck as he waits to see if the his ears have mistaken something else for the creatures footstepRead MoreThe Issue Of Police Brutality1579 Words   |  7 Pagesenforcement officers. However, police brutality has been a social issue in the United States for quite some time now and is only rapidly getting worse rather than improving. With the news channels and social media exploiting videos of law enforcement officers using forceful tactics but not showing the prior encounters of the individual, it suggests the officer is unjustifiably using force. However, with the epidemic of citizen outrage by the misconception of police misconduct, it has the public demandingRe ad MorePolice Brutality Of African Americans1405 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years police brutality towards African Americans has increased. This violence has resulted in riots across the United States. The August 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri many Americans, some who are former Civil Rights activists, have spoken out against police brutality. Black Lives Matter states that the movement’s goal is to bring justice to the present unjust police killings of African Americans. Looking at prior cases of brutality and its connection to racial profilingRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1479 Words   |  6 Pages Police Brutality in the United States University of Nebraska Kearney Colton Blankenship Abstract This research paper is an overview of police brutality in the United States. The paper covers what police brutality is and the definition. The information about police brutality is expanded about what is reasonable and excessive use of force an officer can use. Information is included about the thoughts of what the citizens feel about police brutality. Among the white andRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality in the United States has escalated in recent times. To develop a peaceful environment amongst human beings, one of the main topics to look at is human rights. While more often than not, police brutality violates the concept of human rights it is still a very important task to discuss the topic and create possible solutions to such a concerning and threatening issues in the United States. In this case, statistics is a very important factor that is required to display how serious ofRead MorePolice Brutality Today s Media162 6 Words   |  7 PagesPolice Brutality What do most people think of the topic of police brutality? More than once, images and stories of minorities civil rights being taken away become the topic of conversation. It is heart wrenching to see these videos and hear these stories of police brutality in today’s media. Every day there seems to be another headlining case on the topic of police brutality. Police brutality isn’t just law enforcement officers abusing the power granted to them; however, it is a much larger issueRead MoreRacism And White Privilege Enforcement Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesPolice officers, who were once referred to as peace keepers, are now more law enforcement officers. Police agencies around the United States seem to be stuck more on quotas and creating revenue for their county or city. Making many officers strive for many unnecessary arrests. Which as a following result has brought up a lot of tension between the police and their citizens. With increasing violence in cities and sta tes; police officers methods have slowly become more aggressive, bringing a rise inRead MorePolice Brutality Of The United States1415 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Brutality Police abuse is one of the most violated human rights in the United States. Police are portrayed as heroes that stop bank robbers, stop kidnappings and catch murders, but as of recent year’s police actions have come into the public eye. While typically citizens worry about their safety from criminals, it also seems they have to keep an eye out for the people who are supposed to protect them from danger. Thousands of complaints about police brutality is reported each year, and seems

Wealth distribution a social injustice Free Essays

Is Wealth Distribution Today Just? In current times we often observe that many members of our society receive less than other members regardless of whether they are no less deserving. In contrast, there are some who have ownership over assets and earn income that they may not be deserving of. The distributive balance is upset and wealth distribution today can thus be seen as a social injustice. We will write a custom essay sample on Wealth distribution a social injustice or any similar topic only for you Order Now This injustice that is becoming more noticeable as people start to become aware of the facts, as we can see through the start of the occupy wall street movements that, first started on wall street in America, have pread to other countries (one of which being Australia). As a consequence of how wealth is habitually distributed and the way in which governments are run, the wealthy continue to become wealthier while the poor in fact experience a reduction in their wealth, or at best maintain their low status. A number of different governmental and social structures exist in different countries respectively to ensure a Just community, and people have many different views on what the best approach to distributing wealth is; however it seems that in all forms of idealisms that ountries are run on a fair wealth distribution model is still yet to be truly attained. A social democratic view enacted by the Australian government strives, like other forms of idealism, to promote equality. The Australian government, advocating social Justice in light of human, civil and social rights, attempts to reduce economic disparity between what is known as the ruling class (the bourgeoisie) and the working class (the proletariat) first and foremost through a high tax rate. This allows the government to create and provide a welfare state, where the state plays a key role in he protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. In this way the government can give welfare checks to the unemployed and poverty stricken individuals and pay for vital social services such as health care. Additionally under the heading of human rights, social rights, civil rights, and ultimately the advocacy of social Justice, there are in place government bodies to ensure labor rights and encourage a mixed economy, along with an extensive system of social security to ensure citizens against loss of income following illness, unemployment, or retirement. However, despite the multitude of measures taken to ensure the equitable distribution of wealth and opportunity, wealth distribution in Australia today is still seen as unjust as a large proportion of the countrys wealth is still tied up in a small percentage of people at the top end of the social spectrum. The general dissatisfaction arising from this situation is palpable in the occupy Wall Street movements, that are concerned with the injustice currently taking place with respect to wealth distribution. These occupy movements that began in America but have since hit other capitalist societies, are directed at economic and social nequity. More specifically, however, the people are indignant that the top 1% of the social spectrum continues to grow richer while everybody else becomes poorer, and for this reason the movement commonly chants the slogan â€Å"we are the 99%. † In America the movement has drawn attention to the fact that the richest 1% of Americans now own more wealt n than the poorest ot Americans combined, and the richest 400 Americans now have more wealth than the bottom 155 million Americans combined. It is therefore not hard to see reason for their protest. A similar situation currently exists in Australia, with large discrepancies in numbers in 2009-10 etween the wealthiest 20% of households and the poorest 20% of households. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the wealthiest 20% account for 62% of total household net worth, with an average net worth of $2. 2 million per household while the poorest 20% of households account for only 1% of total household net worth, with an average net worth of $31,829 per household. This can be at least partly attributed to a decrease in tax rate increments. The statistics draw on the selected income distribution indicators, which specify disposable household income (money that can be kept and spent for recreational purposes), show that those ndividuals in the high income bracket receive 40% of their total income while those in the low income bracket only receive 10%. Consequently, the net worth across households becomes even less matched as the rich not only have a considerably higher income, but are also able to save up much more. The discrepancies between the net worth in households are therefore exponentially larger than the discrepancies that exist in income, which reflects the previously mentioned pattern of people accumulating wealth through their working lives. The indignant attitudes posited by the movement can therefore be seen as Justified. However, thought it may be Justified, the movement seems to lack a focused goal -they demand that some change is needed so that the situation regarding inequality can be rectified, but their demands fail to offer articulated strategy as to how this can be done. Although economic and social distributions are still lopsided in Australia, exemplified by the movements that have recently hit, certain institutions are in place that attempt to minimize this inequality and give hope that equality may be some day attainable. In the spirit of much desired social Justice, our government advocates the rinciples of both equality of opportunity and equitable distribution of wealth, as well as public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves if the minimal provisions for a good life. As a result, welfare is available to whoever needs it, every citizen automatically benefits from health cover for serious illnesses, student loans from the government are not subject to interest and can be paid off in manageable amounts, our government is not in recession, and, ultimately we are for the most part well looked after. Such institutions and benefits that represent a positive step in the irection of equality are not always found in other countries. Statistics on wealth distribution in the United States of America for example, in theory a neo-liberalist country, portray an even more radical divergence between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Furthermore, the minimum wage in Australia is the equivalent of $14 USD, which far exceeds America’s $7. 25. The Australian unemployment rate of 5. 2%, too, is more favorable to the rate of 8. 6% here. So, while the Australian wealth scheme is far from perfect, it is favorable to the current American model. Of interest is North Korea’s, communist approach to wealth distribution. Their government restricts personal freedom, advocating that everybody must be of comparable status in all aspects in order to achieve social Justice. The system’s scheme for economic equality is therefore simple; however it too inevitably fails as it works against human nature . The result ot such idealism is that a tew end up taking power and all the wealth, as we can see when we consider Kim Jong IL’s position. So, irrespective of the way in which governments try to disperse wealth, a large proportion of the countrys wealth will be held by a small percentage at the top. Some might argue that the current distribution of wealth is, on the contrary, a reflection of Justice because those that are rich are in fact rich because they work harder and are more deserving. This, while occasionally being accurate, is not always the case. Frequently those individuals in the top 1% are overpaid while people in the ‘low-income’ bracket who are working harder for many more hours are fghting to support themselves. Here, we can appreciate a frustration that can arise, which supports one of Freud’s suggestions as to how discontent with civilization can develop. The constraining effects of living in a civilized community, here manifested in an inability to achieve due to order and status, can fuel disgruntlement which can naturally lead to pandemonium, which is mildly observed in the occupy movements. Whether the existing economic inequality can be seen as a social injustice can be considered in light of Socrates assertions. Socrates believes in distributive Justice where things such as wealth are properly allocated; that is, wealth would be disseminated equally to all deserving, contributing members of a society. Indeed this seems to be a sound philosophy when we consider the consequences of the mproper allocation of wealth in our society today, being ubiquitous turmoil and the indignant protests of occupy movements to which inequality gave rise. This prompts a consideration of an egalitarian attitude; perhaps Justice can only exist within the coordinates of equality. Moreover, Socrates believed that the best way for people to live was to focus on self-development rather than on the pursuit of material wealth, which seems to be precisely where the wealthy have focused their efforts. It can be safely concluded that at present wealth distribution does not reflect social Justice. However, with incremental progressions like those that have been recently made in Australia, along with contemplation of such philosophical principles, we will come ever closer to reaching equity. How to cite Wealth distribution a social injustice, Papers

Elian Gonzalez Essay Research Paper It seems free essay sample

Elian Gonzalez Essay, Research Paper It seems as if the last five months has been an update of the latest intelligence and developments in the narrative of the most celebrated six twelvemonth old, Elian Gonzalez. To day of the month, I must acknowledge that I have been slightly colored and inconsiderate by non paying attending to the most recent developments because of the simple fact that I believed from the beginning that the male child should be returned to his biological male parent, Juan Miguel Gonzalez. With the timing of this assignment it has given me an chance to acquire caught up on all the facts of the Elian Gonzalez instance and I # 8217 ; m sword lily I have taken this chance to make some reading of the last twosome of studies by Newsweek. It besides ties in good with a sociologist/theorist that we have been discoursing in category by the name Baumgartner and the thought of # 8220 ; Social Control from Below # 8221 ; . The thought of societal control from below is one that we as worlds come across day-in and day-out. Some of the factors that we come across in societal control from below are the thought that this construct deals with the powerful and the powerless, the powerful can utilize physical subject to command the powerless, the powerful can command societal resources to command the powerless, and the powerless Don # 8217 ; t suspend their right to moral justness. These are merely a few of the thoughts that factor into societal control from below, but if you look into them a small deeper you can understand why I would state that we as worlds deal with this thought on a day-to-day footing. In the instance of Elian Gonzalez and his male parent # 8217 ; s try to recover detention, this construct of powerful versus powerless runs a whole batch deeper than merely these two. The thought of the powerful versus the powerless plays a major function in this thought of societal control from below. The fortunes don # 8217 ; t alteration either when looking at the Gonzalez instance. It seems as if these # 8220 ; subordinates # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; elites # 8221 ; were the major participants from the beginning and still go on to be the major participants to this twenty-four hours. If you had to set a label on who the # 8220 ; elite # 8221 ; group would be I guess you would hold to state the Miami household, who consist of Lazaro, Delfin, and the alternate female parent, who presently have detention of Elian. In this same case I would hold to state that the label of # 8220 ; subordinate # 8221 ; or disadvantaged would hold to be placed on Juan Miguel, Elian # 8217 ; s father, because he hasn # 8217 ; t had any fortune in seeking to recover detention of his kid and convey him back to Cuba. On a much larger graduated table the thought of subsidiaries and elites is one that the authoritiess of both the United States and Cuba will command. It seems that overall the United States authorities with the aid of some major participants that include Attorney General Janet Reno and President Bill Clinton and the Cuban authorities with the aid of their major participant, Fidel Castro, are in control here and will hold the concluding say in the affair. With this being said, it seems the rubric of overall subsidiaries could be placed on all the other major participants in this lasting contention. These others include the attorneies that are stand foring both parties, the immediate household that includes Juan Miguel and his uncle Manuel, the Miami household who presently has detention of Elian and refuses to give him up, and in conclusion Elian who will hold to populate with the determination that should be rendered sometime shortly. The thought of societal control from below, as discussed by Baumgartner, has many factors that influence the thought of being aberrant behaviour. There are four distinguishable factors that influence societal control from below and Baumgartner labels them as the # 8220 ; Social Forces of the Powerless # 8221 ; . These forces include: rebellion, covert revenge, non-cooperation, and entreaties for support. All of these factors harmonizing to Baumgartner are a societal effort by the powerless to put the tabular arraies to an even graduated table. The most noticeable signifier of societal control from below that we have seen in this instance since November would be this thought of non-cooperation. For this construct to be true I must foremost explicate non-cooperation harmonizing to Baumgartner. The first thing you have to seek and understand is the fact that this is the individual most available signifier of societal control from below. All that is required is that the subsidiary part ies non make really much for that superior or elect party. This would be most apparent in the fact that the Miami household hasn # 8217 ; t cooperated at all with Juan Miguel or even the American authorities. It seems as they are set in their ways and their sentiment and they feel as if the best thing for Elian would be to raise him in Miami as opposed to directing him back to Cuba with his male parent. It seems as if this state of affairs is best summed up in an article entitled You Live in Fear written for Newsweek as a Web sole on April 12,2000. It was an interview with Walter Polovchak, who went through the same thing Elian is traveling through back in 1980. The lone differences were that Walter was 12 old ages old at the clip and he fled the Soviet Union, which was Communist at the clip. I feel as if says it best in a statement that reads, # 8220 ; He ( Elian ) can ever travel back to Cuba any time-that option is ever unfastened to him. But he # 8217 ; ll neer have the same chance to go forth Cuba. # 8221 ; With this being said, I still experience it is up to his biological male parent to do the determination, which he feels is best for the boy he seems to love so much. It c Ns besides be said that the crowds that have gathered in Little Havana and the protestors that have gathered in Cuban communities all over the state have engaged in non-cooperation be cause of the simple fact that there non doing the state of affairs any easier. In Baumgartner’s account of non-cooperation it is clear that organized work stoppages are the most dramatic signifiers of non-cooperation. Another manner that the thought of non-cooperation is being portrayed is by Juan Miguel and Fidel Castro, but on a much smaller graduated table. It seems as if Juan Miguel stayed in contact with another uncle of his, Manuel, who besides lived in Miami. Manuel felt the hurting of his nephew and tried to work with him to recover detention of Elian. The other uncles, Lazaro and Delfin, thought their brother was a Castro sympathiser and closed their doors to Manuel. Manuel tried to convert his nephew all winter long to come to the United States himself to seek and contend for the detention of his boy in individual. Juan Miguel refused for a twosome of different grounds. The first was because he was confused and he didn # 8217 ; t cognize right from incorrect in covering with the state of affairs at manus. Most significantly, he was a small leery of the American authorities, as is the instance for most Cubans. The ground I feel as if Fidel Castro engaged in this thought of non-cooperatio n is because when Gregory Craig, the attorney appointed for Juan Miguel Gonzalez, flew to Cuba to allow him cognize that it was the clip to come to the United States to derive detention, Castro was hesitant in allowing Juan Miguel go. It took a three-hour meeting between Castro and Craig and some confidences by Gonzalez before allowing him travel with his married woman and their boy. He besides did some small things to guarantee Gonzalez would stay loyal to him and Cuba before he let him travel like traveling him from Cardenas to an flat outside of Havana to maintain an oculus on him. In relation to three distinguishable parties that have played a major function in the Gonzalez instance, I feel as if they have each shown a distinguishable feature of societal control from below, if non more than one. The first party that we would look at would be the Mayor of Miami-Dade County, Alex Penelas. It seems as if Penelas has taken portion in the thought of non-cooperation in regard to the thought of societal control from below. This is made apparent by the article in Newsweek entitled The Long Road Home. In the article Joseph Contreras and Evan Thomas write, # 8220 ; Having recklessly declared that he would decline to assist the Feds enforce the jurisprudence two hebdomads ago, Miami-Dade County Mayor Alex Penelas more sanely called for composure last week. # 8221 ; It seems as if the city manager has come to his senses since so, but he has non to the full cooperated with functionaries. The following group that we can discourse would be the local Miami protagonists of t he attempts to maintain Elian Gonzalez here in the United States. The first act that of societal control from below that they have taken portion would be non-cooperation. This is rather obvious because they don # 8217 ; t do the state of affairs any easier by endangering to non allow the Feds get through to pick Elian up. The following act of aberrance in regard to societal control from below would be the thought of rebellion. The thought of rebellion is unfastened force against the societal higher-ups. This is the most seeable of societal control from below, but it is besides of import for me to indicate out that this is besides the least likely to happen. It is besides of import for me to indicate out that this has non happened yet, but it about seems apparent. Contreras and Thomas point out in their Newsweek article, # 8220 ; But the fire-eaters were still associating weaponries outside the modest cottage where Elian lives, and his two great uncles and their phalanx of attornei es were in consequence make bolding Attorney General Janet Reno to weather the mob. # 8221 ; If this doesn # 8217 ; t indicate out marks of rebellion, so I don # 8217 ; t cognize what does. Last, the actions of possibly the most of import participants have to be discussed. Elian # 8217 ; s U.S. household has decidedly engaged in the construct of non-cooperation. This is a given. They have besides engaged in a twosome of other signifiers of societal control from below. The first would be a signifier entitled covert revenge. Covert revenge is an active, aggressive signifier of societal control from below. Baumgartner besides considers it a # 8220 ; secret # 8221 ; signifier of societal control from below. The actions that go into covert revenge are so covered and so close, that people sometimes look past its aggressiveness. I feel this is a direct mention to Lazarus, one of Elian # 8217 ; s two uncles, offering money to Juan Miguel for detention of the male child. The Newsweek article points out, # 8220 ; His ( Juan Miguel ) uncle Lazaro began reasoning that Elian should remain in Miami and even offered Juan Miguel money ( reportedly $ 2 million ) to give up his claim to the child. # 8221 ; It seems as if Lazaro is seeking to purchase Elian from his biological male parent to maintain him from returning to Cuba. This action besides points out Juan Miguel # 8217 ; s love for his boy, because it should hold been truly easy for a adult male with nil to accept this type of money. Last, I feel as if the household has engaged in a signifier of societal control from below entitled entreaties for support. This tactic sees the subsidiary party to ally with a powerful 3rd party. In the Gonzalez instance it seems as if the Miami household considers themselves a low-level party, as opposed to the authoritiess of the United States and Cuba, and they have went out and retained the services of a believable legal squad to assist them through this battle. To this point it has seemingly helped them because they keep protracting the inevitable, and that is Elian Gonzalez will finally be re-united with his male parent one manner or another. Bibliography Newsweek. April 12, 2000.

The ecstasy of influence a plagiarism Essay Example

The ecstasy of influence: a plagiarism Paper In his essay â€Å"The ecstasy of influence: a plagiarism†, Jonathan Lethem contends that all works of creativity could be found to have elements that have been plagiarized from others, whether the artist consciously or subconsciously committed the copying. The copied part may be a line, theme, or an idea. They are also called many things. In music writing, for instance, reworking of melodic fragments and musical frameworks are called â€Å"versions†. Lethem uses the term â€Å"appropriation† to describe how Bob Dylan used lines and titles from film and literature for his song lyrics. The point is that the practice cuts across â€Å"all forms and genres in the realm of cultural production (Lethem)†. Then again, many masterpieces in various cultural genres—like Shakespeare’s plays or Dylan’s songs—were created because the artist has been inspired by the work of the master. Invention is the creation of something new out of something old or putting together several ideas into one new whole. By the way, if you forget to check an essay for plagiarism, do it right now! The concepts of intellectual property rights and the modern copyright law do not refer to a â€Å"right† in the absolute sense, but a monopoly of those who will benefit from the royalties one has to pay for borrowing elements from another’s creative output. They could instead stump creativity instead of promote it because they make the artist conscious against infringing upon the copyright of others. A creative work should be a springboard for inspiration into the production of a new work. Art should be given and received as a gift. Only then could a piece convey an â€Å"uncommodifiable surplus of inspiration (Lethem)† among its recipients. We will write a custom essay sample on The ecstasy of influence: a plagiarism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The ecstasy of influence: a plagiarism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The ecstasy of influence: a plagiarism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It should be a commons, something which belongs to everyone. Writers, painters or musicians who are being copied should be honored instead of suing the copyists. Artists earn already from their work and they should learn to give some away, like when a poet allows a musician to use a line from his poem. Substantially, all ideas are second hand, unconsciously and consciously copied from somewhere. There is no such thing as an original work, only ones inspired from others. Reference Lethem, Jonathan. (February 2007). â€Å"The ecstasy of influence: a plagiarism. † Harper’s Magazine.

Hollywood Influence on Youth Essay Sample

Hollywood Influence on Youth Essay Sample Negative Hollywood’s Influence Sociology Essay Example Negative Hollywood’s Influence Sociology Essay Example Nowadays, movies made in Hollywood are in high demand in all countries of the world. The young people are the most numerous category of cinema visitors and spectators of the American movies. Consequently, Hollywood influences them crucially encouraging them to follow new fashion or lifestyle patterns. However, the opinions whether this impact is positive or negative differ from one person to another. Hollywood Influence on Youth It is not difficult to notice that youth strives to dress, eat, behave, walk, and talk like some characters in Hollywood movies. By imposing manners of behavior, dressing and eating habits, Hollywood deprives young people of their individuality and self-expression. The current research paper intends to prove that Hollywood influences negatively on moral values of youth, their behavior, and world perception making them too obsessed with their appearance. The research question is how Hollywood influences the development and formation of youth, their moral values, and behaviors in a negative way. The sub-hypotheses of the research paper are: Hollywood movies have long-term effects on youth that are cumulative and negative. Hollywood deprives young people of individuality and personal identity. Hollywood’s influence can lead to the increase of violence, cruelty and illegal activities among young people. Analyzing Hollywood’s influence on the young people, one should take into consideration the cultivation theory. This approach studies the relationship between beliefs about the world and exposure to television. Cultivation theory explores behavioral and emotional effects of television. According to Gerbner et al. (1978), cultivation approach determines the cultivation of the different groups of people by TV. This theory demonstrates the negative impact of TV on the academic achievements and negative attitudes among adolescents. Cultivation theory was created to depict that television shapes social reality and influences people’s moral values (Gerbner et al., 1978). Cultivation theory was developed by Gerbner et al. to study what impact television has on viewers’ perception of the world and everyday life. Consequently, cultivation theory insists that television has long-term effects that are significant, indirect, gradual but cumulative and influential. ‘Clear-cut violence in any context is coded,’ (Gerbner et al., 1978, p. 179). However, even an indirect demonstration of violence influences young people making them more cruel, angry, and aggressive. Violence is the most frequent phenomenon on TV that increases movies’ rates and companies’ profits. It is evident that Hollywood’s movies influence young people negatively. First, they encourage youth to follow new fashion, hobbies, and lifestyle patterns. Second, young people become obsessed with the desire to be like their favorite characters and actors imitating their way of dressing, eating habits, behavior, and talking. Consequently, they lose their personal identity and become zombies of the imaginary world and life depicted in movies. Moreover, Hollywood makes youth adopt the American culture depicting it as an exemplary one. Third, the young people lose their moral values and become degraded abusing drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes just like their favorite actors. Gerbner et al. (1980) define violence as ‘the overt expression of physical force†¦compelling action against one’s will on pain of being hurt and/or killed or threatened to be so victimized as a part of plot’ (Gerbner et al., 1980, p.:11). It means that the index of violence prevails in the modern movies. Moreover, the scientists insist that television has become a cultural ‘mainstream’ that has a significant and dramatic impact on viewers. Consequently, the role of television should be regarded as the cultivation of attitudes that put human life in danger. Television’s violent imagery can turn into the cruel reality that is characterized by real life perceptions. Researchers insist that most movies affect the worldview appealing to the emotions and feelings. Youths are more emotionally interested in the problems related to changing of views and their status in the community. As Hollywood movies reveal such issues as driving and cutting out parental control, moving away from home, and identity formation, young people become keen on them. Movie content influences the aspects of psychological development. One should not say that movies of Hollywood’s production are totally negative. There are very helpful and useful movies. However, the choice of adolescents is mostly negative, which leads to the retardation of youth’s cognitive development. Another aspect that is influenced by Hollywood movies is sexuality that has changed compared to what it was in the past. Young people begin to forget about the existence of such feelings as shame, fear, and guilt and tend to get involved in the unconventional sexual activities. The problem is t hat youth cannot differentiate between fabrication, truth, misinformation, and information. According to Meyer (1989), TV uses crime-laden and violent programming that can result in becoming a victim of crime, overestimating of actual crime rates, and being victimized by violent crime. Cultivation, like any other kind of mediated effect, occurs embedded within a dynamic process of human social interaction, writes Meyer (1989, p. 788). It means that the interaction of people with television is direct despite its indirect influence. Cultivation theory is based on the communication approaches and exposure of people to TV. According to the cultivation theory, Hollywood movies serve as a black board from which the young people copy violent behavior. The negative effects of Hollywood movies are seen in the vicarious capacity of adopting the negative attitudes. Heavy exposure to movies influences the development of the youth, which is one of the reasons for violence, crime, and aggressive behavior of young people in the society. There is a profound relationship between behavior and motion pictures as motion pictures are presented in an impressionable manner enthralling people and making them forget that they should learn some lesson from a movie. Hollywoods chief function is to provide amusement and entertainment making viewers escape into the land of fantasy. A typical adolescent that watches 150 movies a year will be exposed to such overt immoral behaviors as smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse. Regular watching of television leads to the imitation of the events and feelings depicted in the movies. ‘Television programs such as soap operas and sitcoms cultivate in the viewer a perspective of the world that does not match reality but instead reflects the nature of the television world’, writes Mohan Dutta (2007, p. 1). It means that young people start living a life of other people. For example, many Hollywood movies reveal the problems of adultery, difficult relationships, abortion, pregnancy rates and divorce that result in a happy ending. Consequently, young people live in the idealized world of a movie depriving them of an ability to deal with life problems realistically. Hollywood’s production has achieved media imperialism having a strong power over the viewers and becoming the most dominant and influential type of media. According to social learning theory, young people can adopt deviant and aggressive behavior through modeling and imitating the behavior of actors and movie characters. However, the issue is that Hollywood does not bear responsibility for the anti-social influence on the youth. Speaking about Hollywood movies one should say that there is a disturbing amount of violence that is presented through the sexual relationships. It means that from an early age, adolescents start getting interested in the satisfaction of their physical needs. Consequently, the moral values are ignored and degraded making the behavior of the youth anti-social or deviant. Frequent watching of Hollywood movies makes young people obsessed with many movie stars that serve as examples to follow. It is evident that cinema shapes general lifestyle, behaviors, and attitudes; therefore, it is crucial to watch only ethical and useful ones to ensure the process of moral growth. Gerbner et al. (1978) insist that heavy viewers of television are in the biggest danger. First, if the genre of a movie is horror, it leads to psychological concerns. For example, young people are afraid of walking around the city at night as they are afraid of criminals and other horrors that they have seen in the movie. Another disorder that is observed among the youth is reflected in their desire to hit somebody and release fury or angriness. The cultivation theory shows a significant and consistent relationship between television and the aspects of social reality. It means that movie production has become the cult and part of the common culture. However, the problem is that this culture rarely benefits the community due to its focus on the gained profits rather than feelings evoked by the movie. Consequently, such empty values as money, clothes, jewellery, luxury, and popularity are depicted in Hollywood movies. However, only a few people regard them as unimportant, others are st riving to get them. According to the cultural norms theory, Hollywood movies violate the established norms of culture (not to depict the sexual scenes for the young people, not to use foul language) and provide their own cultural patterns that are perceived by youth. It means that Hollywood movies do not reinforce cultural norms but change them. The Methods Assignment The research question is how Hollywood affects the development and formation of youth, their moral values, and behaviors in a negative way. The specific sub-hypotheses of the research paper are: Hollywood movies have long-term effects on youth that are cumulative and negative. Hollywood deprives young people of individuality and personal identity. Hollywood’s influence can lead to the increase of violence, cruelty and illegal activities among young people. Consequently, this research paper is based on two methods: qualitative and quantative. The research is objective as it combines the primary and secondary sources of information. The qualitative research is based on the academic articles that explain the cultivation theory and its relation to the media influence on the young people. The quantitative research is based on interviewing. 50 young people were chosen for this interview: 25 males and 25 females. These young people had different interests; therefore, one can suppose that this research is objective. At the exploratory stage, it was crucial to identify their interest to media in general and Hollywood movies in particular. To fulfil the objective of the research paper, the semi-structured interview was conducted. The semi-structured interview presupposes open and fixed questions. Interviewing provides necessary information about young people who watch movies. The secondary data such as academic articles on the culmination theory helped to understand the entity of the problem and reveal how other researchers view the influence of movies on the youth. The primary data were obtained from the interview. The questions of the interview were related to the following aspects: frequency of watching television; attitude to movies; the feelings and emotions after watching Hollywood movies; personal opinion about the impact of movies. The researcher asked the questions to understand popularity of Hollywood movies among young people. Each participant of the research was asked the same set of questions. The questions revealed the participant’s attitude to the problem. An informal and friendly atmosphere was created while interviewing to make all participants feel relaxed and confident. Data Analysis Current research paper explains the peculiarities of the cultivation theory and its relation to the television impact. Moreover, the key objective was achieved as it has been proved that Hollywood movies influence the young people’s values negatively. First, Hollywood movies deprive the youth of genuine feelings and emotions, interaction and mutual understanding. They tend to give more value to the appearance, money, and social status like the actors in Hollywood movies. Hollywood movies have long-term effects on youth that are cumulative and negative. It has been determined that 99% respondents watch Hollywood movies. Only 1% of young people stated that they did not watch Hollywood movies. 55% of respondents watched them very often. 30% watched often. 14% of young people watched movies rarely, and only 1% never watched them. Consequently, it has been proved that young people watch Hollywood movies regularly and frequently. Another question was whether movie watching affects the way of dressing. 45% of respondents strongly agreed that Hollywood movies influenced their way of dressing. 20% agreed that they imitated the style of actors from the movie. 20% of respondents did not decide yet. 15% of respondents supposed that Hollywood did not influence their way of dressing. As a result, young people copy the dressing style from movies even if it is not suitable for a real everyday life. Hollywood movies teach them to be bright and glamorous and put appearance above other values. Another crucial question was whether Hollywood movies influenced youth’s behavior. 31 % of respondents agreed that Hollywood movies affected their behavior and their attitudes. Only 11% of young people strongly disagreed with that statement. Consequently, it is evident that Hollywood deprives youth of individuality and personal identity. Another question referred to the impact of Hollywood movies on the sexuality of young people. Consequently, 27 % of respondents answered that characters and actors made them more sexual. 55% of respondents expressed a categorical disagreement with that statement. Consequently, Hollywood movies do not influence the desire of young people to have sex. The respondents were also asked whether Hollywood encouraged them to dress indecently. 37% of young people agreed that it was true. Only 6% of the respondents were against this. Consequently, not all Hollywood movies are negative, and not all young people are deprived of moral qualities. 62% of respondents stated that Hollywood movies shaped their general lifestyle, behaviors, and attitudes. Only 3% of respondents disagreed that Hollywood determined their behavior. The result clearly indicates that Hollywood movies affect the lifestyle and attitudes of young people. The respondents were asked whether Hollywood movies positively influence the learning of new cultures. 62 % strongly agreed that they learnt more about different cultures from movies. Only 3% of young people did not agree that movies were beneficial for them. Another question that had been asked was whether young people tried not to watch sex scenes when they appeared. 14 % agreed with that statement. 86 % of the respondents disagreed with that. It means that young people watch sex scenes with pleasure. Consequently, Hollywood movies encourage them to early sexual life. One can say that the hypothesis and sub-hypotheses were fully proved. Literature review and interviews proved that Hollywood movies were superficial and did not encourage the moral and intellectual development. Moreover, Hollywood movies are based on the wrong values like money, sex, and appearance. Firstly, movies do not provide emotions and feelings that would be beneficial for the individuality. Secondly, watching movies does not guarantee that a person will not feel satisfied as it can develop many psychological disorders as beauty even if it is artificial is a key concern of the characters in movies. Consequently, if young people are not confident and are very modest, they can become even more reserved. One should mention that Hollywood movies have a narrow sphere of application. Consequently, people lose the ability to distinguish between truth and deception, sincerity and slyness, reality and the imagery world. One can say that sybhypotheses are related to the main hypothesis and complete it. Moreover, the world of movies is limited, and it is based on exaggeration, unpractical pieces of advice and possibility not to draw the boundary between reality and fiction. The research clearly demonstrates that most young people are keen on Hollywood movies. One cannot say that Hollywood movies should be forbidden as there are those that have a positive influence on young viewers. One should cut down the exposure of the young people to negative scenes depicted in movies. Young people should be busy with other activities that will help them to replace watching movies with something more useful. The movies should benefit young people. It means that they should learn to accept only good advice and life lessons. The obtained results demonstrate that there is a direct relationship between movies and human behavior. The young people tend to change their social roles under the influence of movies. Movies are dynamic and creative. Consequently, they can influence even passive and static viewers. It is evident that a person should be very intelligent, experienced, realistic, and wise to avoid the negative impact of Hollywood movies. Cultivation theory helped to understand that Hollywood movies are based on the media and cultural imperialism that make them superior and more popular compared to other kinds of mass media and can be the instrument of influence on the audience. Young people can become culturally dependent and dominated. One should say that Hollywood influences the development and formation of youth, their moral values, and behaviors negatively. First, young people can become keen on the negative habits like alcohol and drug abuse. They become too obsessed with their way of dressing and sexuality copying imaginary movie characters. Moreover, young people begin to degrade as they are not interested in reading and other intellectual activities. Hollywood movies have long-term effects on youth that are cumulative and negative. It means that at first young people do not undergo changes for worse. However, soon young people begin to decline morally, become aggressive and even tend to commit crimes. It has been proved that Hollywood movies encourage early sexual life and usage of the foul language. Consequently, such movies encourage young people to behave like adults and influence their psychological development. To sum up, one should mention that Hollywood movies are a direct means of influence that are related to all aspects of human life. As a result, they increase the use of foul language that is a non-normative and restraining aspect of culture. Hollywood movies encourage having early sex and perceiving it as a natural phenomenon. Moreover, they impose the American culture and values as the most progressive one. Hollywood movies have a psychological, cultural, and emotional influence on young people. It is evident that this research paper has its limitations that do not diminish the value of current case study. The first limitation is the choice of the subject. The paper is devoted only to the negative aspect of the social media. However, it does not demonstrate the cases when people really learn good life lessons from Hollywood movies. Secondly, this research paper is restricted by the scope of the research, which is limited to Hollywood movies. Without doubt, these restrictions do not lessen the importance and value of this case study but provide grounds for further and more complex researches. One needs more time, efforts and literature to instruct participants before conducting an interview. Another restriction of this research paper is the lack of available data. Some information was obtained from the interviewees, but it is not enough for a full-fledged analysis.

Changes in Criminal Justice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Changes in Criminal Justice - Research Paper Example Biometrics is used to help identify criminals using specific personally identifiable characteristics. A biometric system recognizes distinct physical or behavioral traits of an individual. Such aspects include fingerprints, retinal scans, facial features, and voice prints (Pankanti et al 2000). Although the use of biometrics revolutionized the justice system, several flaws still exist that limit its effectiveness. Unfortunately, the accuracy of biometric measuring systems is not perfect and leaves a large room for error. In addition, biometric information can only help catch a criminal if his biometric measures are recorded in a database. As of right now, only certain people are recorded in such databases such as former criminals and government employees (Jain et al 2004). In order to decrease crime, the future might show the increased input of individuals into databases. For example, biometric information may be recorded at birth. In addition, there will mostly likely be a greater v ariety and more widespread use of biometric systems (Jain et al 2004). While biometrics currently helps catch criminals, its usage will mostly grow in the future due to technological advances. Another aspect of criminal justice likely to advantageous change in the future is cybercrime protection. ... As the Internet continues to become more prevalent in society, it will become increasing important to protect information passed via the Internet. Therefore, the future will most likely see increased security measures in order to block cyber criminals. The use of nanotechnology will increase the criminals’ ability to steal information using nanobots or computer robots to record information. This will require advanced firewalls to block (Finnie et al 2010). An important aspect of crime protection in the future will surround computer and Internet crimes. Arguably, the most significant change in the criminal justice system likely to place within the next fifty years is a shift in the penal system. The modern prison began in the 1970s and, although, they are theoretically referred to as correctional institutions, a more appropriate name would be violent or convict prisons. The period grew from disaffection with the concept of rehabilitation, an increase in the racialization of pri son, and strict legislation in response to the increase in recreation drug use (Haney & Zimbardo 1998). An increase in the availability and subsequent fear of drugs sparked the nation’s War on Drugs, Determinate Mandatory Law, and Truth in Sentencing. A predetermined amount of prison time distinct to each crime increases the number of inmates. In relation to drugs, the strict law increases the number of inmates locked up for relatively petty offenses such as possession of an illegal substance because a sentence cannot be reduce due to good behavior and, one has to serve at least 85% of the sentence. This increase in strict legislation has induced a rapid growth in prison population. This has resulted in overcrowded prisons, and the constant need for more prison spaces.

Narcissism and toxic leadersheip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Narcissism and toxic leadersheip - Essay Example (Pfeffer, 2012) One of the most recent examples of such leadership behavior is that of the Gen. Petraeus who was disgraced and has to resign from the position of CIA Head. It is argued that those in power tend to often forget about others and pursue their own goals and become action oriented. Petraeus was also considered as one such leader who believed that rules are not for them and that they are special and invulnerable. However, the fact that Gen. Petraeus was removed from his position because he acted on his impulses and engaged in activities which were considered as unethical from a leader of his position and power. This paper will discuss the personality of Gen. Petraeus as a Narcissistic leader and what impact he had on his organization, explore as to whether followers were contributing towards this toxic vision and what organizational checks and balances were in place to control his behavior. One of the key requirements of working in an organization like CIA is the extreme confidentiality as well as the secrecy. As per the existing procedures, CIA officials are required to maintain both these aspects of doing their job. It has been argued that the overall behavior of Gen actually compromised the national security because he was not only a four start General in US army but also fought important wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. He was accused of having unacceptable extramarital affairs with his biographer Paula Broadwell who was studying his leadership behavior during US’s war in Afghanistan and Iraq. Self-Centered model of leadership can result into negative outcomes for the organizations especially if leaders are not productive. A relative alternative of this approach is character centric leadership style which can offer leaders a relative and practical advantage over others. However, for Narcissist leaders, character

Finance - write up a executive summary and recommendation Essay

Finance - write up a executive summary and recommendation - Essay Example These expenses are related to the land bought to expand business in future. The dilemma with the management of the company is what should be done with this land. They have two options; first option is that they can sell off this land for an impressive amount of $235,000 and also save the increasing annual maintenance expenses @3% which is $16,000 at the moment. The second option with the management is to use this land in expanding the existing business by setting up a new spray booth and workshop. This report provides an analysis and evaluation of these two options in hand for FBSR. We have used the capital budgeting tools such as Net present value (NPV), operating cash flow and sensitivity analysis in order to determine the feasibility of the options available at hand. The relevant calculations, with respect to each of the analysis technique used, can be found in the appendices. Our analysis is all depending on John’s assumptions which means our belief is the probability of a ssumption would range from NPV various. Within this analysis of the insurance project of the business, operation cash flow and profitability is the decide the feasibility of business. it’s the company’s choice of whether or not to take the insurance project in the business. Meanwhile, 10% increase or decrease in revenue and wages & maintenance fee of is under concern.

LOTTE Confectionery: Strategy Evaluation

LOTTE Confectionery: Strategy Evaluation 1. Background LOTTE Confectionery is No1.confectionery Company that holds multiple No1 selling products of gum, candy, chocolate and biscuit segments in Korea domestic market. LOTTE Confectionery stands in unrivaled position by Xylitol and occupies strong position in chocolate by Ghana chocolate and Dream Cacao. Orion Confectionery international sale exceeded domestic sale in 2009. Orion Confectionery ranks 1st in international sale among Korean confectionery companies and possesses enormous growth rate at international market, because Orion Confectionery releases gentrified domestic products to international market. Domestic confectionery market is Red Ocean, recently revenue has been decreased. Domestic confectionery market is saturated in fact (EDaily. 2011.01.11). Even Foreign confectionery companies are joining and intensifying competition in Korea. The scale and profitability of international market are larger and higher than domestic market. Thus, Korean Major Food companies decided to enter oversea markets. Among them, Orion Confectionery ranks at 1st in international confectionery business. 2. Current strategy of LOTTE Confectionery 1) Me Too strategy ‘Me Too strategy is a business strategy that following company emulates a market leading companys strategy. It is called as ‘Market follower strategy or ‘Imitation strategy. With this strategy, a follower can gain many advantages. The market leader often bears the huge expenses of developing new products and markets, expanding distribution, and education the market. By contrast, as with challengers, the market follower can learn from the leaders experience. LOTTE Confectionery is a typical company to uses ‘me too strategies for products. There are many cases that LOTTE Conf. emulates competitors successful products. Table 1. Me too products cases in LOTTE Confectionery Competitor Product (Company) LOTTE Conf. Product Remarks Competitor Product (Company) LOTTE Conf. Product Remarks Chocopie (ORION) Chocopie Pie (HAITAI) Snack Homerunball (HAITAI) Myball Snack DR.YOU (ORION) Mothers finger Premium Product Brand Source: Interview with ORION employee LOTTE Confectionery applies ‘Me too Strategy for overseas business. The Main countries where LOTTE Conf. constructed product factories by itself are China, Vietnam, Russia and India. Except India, the entry timings of LOTTE for 3 counties are recognized as ‘me too strategy. In China market, ORION entered in 1993 and LOTTE entered 1 year later. Vietnam where LOTTE entered in 2007 as acquisition of BBICA, 2nd biggest confectionery company in Vietnam, was open to ORION 2 years early. ORION established a local subsidiary company, OFV (ORION Food Vietnam Company), in 2005 and constructed local factory in 2006. In Russia market, ORION established OFR (ORION Food Russia Company) in 2003. ORION constructed a chocolate factory near Moscow in 2004 and second factory for overall confectionery manufacture in 2006. But LOTTE established LOTTE KF RUS LLC in 2007. Table 2. ORION LOTTE Confectionery Overseas entry time Country ORION LOTTE China In 1993, Establishing Beijing Office In 1994, Establishing local subsidiary Vietnam In 2005, Establishing ORION Food Vietnam Company In 2007, Acquiring 30% stocks of BBICA Russia In 2003, Establishing ORION Food Russia Company In 2007, Establishing LOTTE KF RUS LLC Source: Financial News, â€Å"LOTTE, Following ORION?† February 25.2008, LOTTE Confectionery on-line homepage, â€Å"History† (http://www.LOTTEconf.co.kr/images/company/pic_hi05.jpg) 2) MA Strategy LOTTE confectionery has invested 500 billion KRW to overseas market by 2010. LOTTE focused VRICs (Vietnam, Russia, India, China) with acquisition local companies and factory construction. Sales result was under than expectation. LOTTE oversea sales consistantly increased and last year recorded 500 bil KRW. They have a 650 bil KRW sales target this year. LOTTE sped up their global business as entering China, India, Vietnam, Belgium, Russia and Pakistan (6th largest population). 1 China LOTTE confectionery established â€Å"LOTTE China foods limited liability company† in Beijing, China in 1994 and in 2005 it acquired â€Å"Qingdao foods limited liability company† which renamed later â€Å"LOTTE Qingdao foods limited liability company†. In 2006 it also acquired â€Å"Shanghai foods limited liability company† and renamed it as â€Å"LOTTE Shanghai foods limited liability company†. The revenue in China in 2005 was about 90 billion Korean Won and slowly increased to 100 billion KRW in 2006, as the chocolate product which is main product of LOTTE Shanghai foods LLC hit its strides in 2006, the revenue jumped up to 140 billion KRW in 2008. LOTTE China foods limited liability company- Choco Pie, Gum Production LOTTE Confectionerys expansion into the Chinese Market was especially remarkable. Even through the heated competition of Global Food Industries, LOTTE was able to capture the Chinese Flavor. LOTTE indicates that it was possible because â€Å"Steady exportation and Improvement of the Corporate image from the early 80s and the supply of eminent products due to the establishment of Local plants in the Mid 90s.† Before any diplomatic relations between Korea and China, LOTTE Confectionery concentrated on supplying eminent brand products through Hong Kong. Thus LOTTE has succeeded in establishing long term faith. Lets take a look on a couple of cases. Supporting Horse Racing hosted by local merchants, production and promotion of CafÃÆ' © Coffee Gum to help Chinese quit smoking, campaign to help victims of flood damage and other activities to capture the heart of the Chinese. Through these efforts, in August of 1994, LOTTE Confectionery established the ‘LOTTE China foods limited liability company in the Economy Technology Development Zone in Beijing. Thus it has made possible to supply suitable local products. The first established local factory was completely co-operational. LOTTE Confectionery, Japan LOTTE, and Mitsui invested in the factory and are now developed in 3 divisions. The 1st factory produced Choco-pie, Cream Cake, Koalamazzi, The 2nd factory produced plate gum, and bubble gum. The 3rd factory produced Xylitol gum, Coating gum. Among these products, it can be said that GUM represents LOTTE Confectionery. Chewing gum started being produced and sold in September of 2001, Xylitol gum, plate gum in 2002 and Coating gum in 2003.Products from these factories were sold in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and other areas of China. Also the market share in China exceeded 30%. LOTTE Qingdao Foods Limited Liability Company- snacks, biscuit production In 1996 the ‘Qingdao Foods Limited Liability Companywas established at the science and technology park of Qingdao. Based on gaining the trust of Chinese, LOTTE Confectionery solely invested and acquired Qingdao Foods Limited Liability Company in 2005. Main products of that company were snacks and biscuits such as Myball, Peanut-cuttlefish ball, Choco-pie, Custard, Strawberry pie and other pies. Especially the popularity of the Custard and Choco-pie is sharply increasing and is expected to regenerate the CRAZE in Korean Market. LOTTE Shanghai Foods Limited Liability Company- Production of raw liquid of chocolate. In 2006 ‘LOTTE Shanghai Foods Limited Liability Company was solely acquired by LOTTE Confectionery, established in 1993. This factory was mainly producing the raw liquid of chocolate. In January of 2007, LOTTE Confectionery and Hersheys signed a strategic alliance to manufacture and sell the main products from this factory. And from October 2007, LOTTE Confectionery started to manufacture and supply its popular products, Ghana and Dream CaCao into all over the Chinese market. (Source: Journal ‘The Buyer 2008) 2 India LOTTE acquired Parrys in May 2004. It was a sole invest, not joint venture. LOTTE firstly acquired 60.39% stock and gained the rest later. Stock acquisition cost was about 23.2 Bil KRW. Parrys Confectionery Ltd, established in 1914, was one of the representative confectionery companies in India. Annual sales are over 22 Bil KRW. By acquiring Parrys, LOTTE could preoccupy India confectionery market as well as secured the price competitiveness making India as production base for exporting to Africa and Middle East area. (Source: 2004/5/21 food new media) 3 Vietnam In 2007, LOTTE acquired 30% stocks of BBiCa which was the 2nd largest confectionery company with annual sales 20Bil KRW in Vietnam. Using BBiCas sales network over the country, LOTTE expected to expand market presence in Vietnam, the population was about 84 Mil in 2007. (Source: 2007/10/05 Medical today media) 4 Pakistan LOTTE Confectionery acquired Pakistan Kolson companys (K. S. Sulemanji Esmailji Sons (Private) Limited) stock 69.45% (20 Bil KRW) and became the biggest stockholder. Through this acquisition, LOTTE could begin a nationwide business in Pakistan. Pakistan confectionery market size was the 1/3 of Koreans. However it was expected to grow 10% each year, since the population under the age of 14 was 37%. (Source: LOTTE Confectionary Internal Data) Kolson was founded in 1942, one of the leading company with asset 53.2 bil KRW and annual sales were about 33 bil KRW. Kolson had the 2nd largest market share (29%) in snack, 4th(6%) in biscuit, the 1st(44%) in pasta market in 2010. 3) Synergy with LOTTE groups affiliates LOTTE has a vision to make a global brand just like Samsung and Wal-Mart. One of the key strategies for achieving this goal is building â€Å"LOTTE Town† LOTTE has already opened â€Å"Moscow LOTTE Town† on last October, 2010, which is consisting of luxury hotels and department stores. That was the first oversea â€Å"LOTTE Town† Also in Hanoi, Vietnam and in Shenyang, China are under construction â€Å"LOTTE Town† which is planning to complete the end of 2013 in Hanoi, and to complete the end of 2015 in Shenyang. 1 Building LOTTE Town in China and Vietnam By 2018, LOTTE will build more than 10 LOTTE Town in Nanjing, Shanghai, Chengdu in China-, Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam, and Jakarta in Indonesia, etc, to serve them as a growth base for the LOTTEs global business. Additional oversea LOTTE Town will be constructed mainly focusing on VRICs (Vietnam, Russia, Indonesia, China)In China, Nanjing Jenye District, Shanghai Zhabei District, Sichuan Province, Chengdu Jin Jiang District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan , Shandong Weihai , Chongqing, and Wuhan, LOTTE is discussing with those cities and governments for consulting the land, building size, business information in LOTTE Town. Those complex projects are targeting to complete in 2014 to 2015. In Vietnam, following Hanoi, Ho Chi min and Danang are planning to construct LOTTE Town. Jakarta in Indonesia and St. Petersburg .in Russia -following Moscow-, are pushing ahead for LOTTE Town. 2 LOTTE Town and LOTTE Confectionery global business LOTTE group is planning LOTTE Town construction, mainly targeting on rising countries such as China. Those countries are just about to create consumer markets based on high-growing economic development and high-growing spending spree. If LOTTE Confectionery is starting global business based on LOTTE Town, it can amplify the synergy to promote sales and maximize profits. 3 Overseas company management with Japan LOTTE LOTTE Confectionery has a lot of local subsidiary companies. And most of them are operated in collaboration with Japan LOTTE. It seems to make more stable business circumstance. Japan LOTTE has more overseas experience (Established LOTTE USA in 1978, and so on) and financing capacity (Low Yen Carry interest, and so on). Therefore LOTTE could share Japan LOTTE strengths and hedge against overseas business risks. Table 3. Overseas collaboration subsidiaries Local subsidiary Country Overseas collaboration companies LOTTE China Foods Co., Ltd China Japan LOTTE, Mitsui Co, LOTTE Confectionery etc. LOTTE Philippines Foods Co., Inc Philippines Japan LOTTE, Japan Taiwan Trade, Philippines Nugget Food LOTTE Vietnam Foods Co., Ltd Vietnam Japan LOTTE, Marubeni Co. LOTTE Packaging(Beijing) Foods Co., Ltd China Japan LOTTE LOTTE Taiwan Co., Ltd Taiwan Japan LOTTE Shandong FengCheng Cold beverage Limited liability company China LOTTE Invest Limited liability company, Shandong FengCheng Food Limited liability company LOTTE Trade And Distribution. PT Indonesia Japan LOTTE Source: Korea Information Service. INC, â€Å"LOTTE Confectionery Contingent liability and Contract clause† (http://www.kisline.com/) 3. Conclusion 1) LOTTE Confectionery SWOT analysis For strategy proposal, we analyze SWOT of LOTTE confectionery as below. Table 4. SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses A huge domestic and global distribution network and its affiliates A variety of No. 1 family brand held Excellent production facilities Abundant capital for investment Limitation of Me-Too strategy on premium product Poor performance in overseas investment Weak innovation strategy Centralized decision making Opportunities Threats Synergy with LOTTE Groups international strategy Target countrys (VRICs) population growth Keen competition with local and global companies Diversity of local consumers tastes 2) LOTTE Confectionerys key strategies Given circumstances and above analysis, we can find 4 key strategies for LOTTE Confectionery in terms of International Business Management. First, Strengthening MA (Brownfield method) based on abundant capital power Saving time for market penetration Risk hedging Table 5. Entry mode of Lotte and Orion Entry mode LOTTE Orion Remark Ownership MA O X Greenfield O Trading Exporting O O Importing X X Collaboration strategies Low commitment (Licensing) X X High commitment (JVs) O X Second, Synergy effect through Groups alignment Economy of scale economy of scope Cooperating with LOTTE Town Third. Decentralization for decision making Localization strategy for specific circumstances of each country Timely responsiveness Lastly, Market leading through innovation strategy Allocating investment in RD Recruiting and educating global experts

Expansion of EU :: Economics Trade Indian IT Companies Essays

Expansion of EU The EU Expansion of May 2004 On May 1, 2004, new members were added to EU. The current round of expansion brings 10 new EU kids on the block: Slovenia, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Cyprus, and Malta. There are more to follow in the EU candidate list. Many of these countries are of varying economic strengths and per capita incomes. The average Gross National Product of the newer countries is significantly different from the first 12 member nations of the EU. Indian IT Industry India has a well-trained work force and the largest pool of English speaking workers anywhere outside native English speaking countries. India produces more engineers and MBAs than any European country. The educated workforce and the currency exchange rates are the prime factors that make India a very attractive location for software development. India’s quality workforce is among the least paid in the world, yet the workers can afford a good standard of living, due to relatively low cost of living in India. Due to these factors, India has emerged as leading software exporter in the world. USA and Europe are the biggest markets for the Indian software companies. The IT exports were worth $12.5 billion in the fiscal year 2003-2004. Trade between India and Europe Before the formation of the EU, USA was the single largest trading partner for India. Many European countries like UK, Germany and France were the other major partners. After the EU came into being, it has replaced USA as India’s leading trade partner. The major industries involved in India-EU trade are steel, cement, Computer Software, etc. India has had much greater business relations with the western European countries as compared to the eastern European countries. Bilateral trade between India and UK grew by over 20% during 2003. The UK is the second largest investor to India. India was the 8th largest investor in the UK in 2003. The UK attracts over 60% of India's investment in Europe. India is the UK's 17th largest export market. India and Germany have strong bi-lateral trade relations. Last year, Germany's trade volume with India totaled some â‚ ¬5 billion ($5.6 billion). India’s IT sector has very strong business relations with Germany. The Changing Scenario? The basic principles on which EU functions involve removal of trade barriers among member countries and facilitation of free movement of people within the EU. Does this also involve restrictive trade practices and exclusion of workers from non-EU countries?