The ecstasy of influence a plagiarism Essay Example

The ecstasy of influence: a plagiarism Paper In his essay â€Å"The ecstasy of influence: a plagiarism†, Jonathan Lethem contends that all works of creativity could be found to have elements that have been plagiarized from others, whether the artist consciously or subconsciously committed the copying. The copied part may be a line, theme, or an idea. They are also called many things. In music writing, for instance, reworking of melodic fragments and musical frameworks are called â€Å"versions†. Lethem uses the term â€Å"appropriation† to describe how Bob Dylan used lines and titles from film and literature for his song lyrics. The point is that the practice cuts across â€Å"all forms and genres in the realm of cultural production (Lethem)†. Then again, many masterpieces in various cultural genres—like Shakespeare’s plays or Dylan’s songs—were created because the artist has been inspired by the work of the master. Invention is the creation of something new out of something old or putting together several ideas into one new whole. By the way, if you forget to check an essay for plagiarism, do it right now! The concepts of intellectual property rights and the modern copyright law do not refer to a â€Å"right† in the absolute sense, but a monopoly of those who will benefit from the royalties one has to pay for borrowing elements from another’s creative output. They could instead stump creativity instead of promote it because they make the artist conscious against infringing upon the copyright of others. A creative work should be a springboard for inspiration into the production of a new work. Art should be given and received as a gift. Only then could a piece convey an â€Å"uncommodifiable surplus of inspiration (Lethem)† among its recipients. We will write a custom essay sample on The ecstasy of influence: a plagiarism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The ecstasy of influence: a plagiarism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The ecstasy of influence: a plagiarism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It should be a commons, something which belongs to everyone. Writers, painters or musicians who are being copied should be honored instead of suing the copyists. Artists earn already from their work and they should learn to give some away, like when a poet allows a musician to use a line from his poem. Substantially, all ideas are second hand, unconsciously and consciously copied from somewhere. There is no such thing as an original work, only ones inspired from others. Reference Lethem, Jonathan. (February 2007). â€Å"The ecstasy of influence: a plagiarism. † Harper’s Magazine.

Hollywood Influence on Youth Essay Sample

Hollywood Influence on Youth Essay Sample Negative Hollywood’s Influence Sociology Essay Example Negative Hollywood’s Influence Sociology Essay Example Nowadays, movies made in Hollywood are in high demand in all countries of the world. The young people are the most numerous category of cinema visitors and spectators of the American movies. Consequently, Hollywood influences them crucially encouraging them to follow new fashion or lifestyle patterns. However, the opinions whether this impact is positive or negative differ from one person to another. Hollywood Influence on Youth It is not difficult to notice that youth strives to dress, eat, behave, walk, and talk like some characters in Hollywood movies. By imposing manners of behavior, dressing and eating habits, Hollywood deprives young people of their individuality and self-expression. The current research paper intends to prove that Hollywood influences negatively on moral values of youth, their behavior, and world perception making them too obsessed with their appearance. The research question is how Hollywood influences the development and formation of youth, their moral values, and behaviors in a negative way. The sub-hypotheses of the research paper are: Hollywood movies have long-term effects on youth that are cumulative and negative. Hollywood deprives young people of individuality and personal identity. Hollywood’s influence can lead to the increase of violence, cruelty and illegal activities among young people. Analyzing Hollywood’s influence on the young people, one should take into consideration the cultivation theory. This approach studies the relationship between beliefs about the world and exposure to television. Cultivation theory explores behavioral and emotional effects of television. According to Gerbner et al. (1978), cultivation approach determines the cultivation of the different groups of people by TV. This theory demonstrates the negative impact of TV on the academic achievements and negative attitudes among adolescents. Cultivation theory was created to depict that television shapes social reality and influences people’s moral values (Gerbner et al., 1978). Cultivation theory was developed by Gerbner et al. to study what impact television has on viewers’ perception of the world and everyday life. Consequently, cultivation theory insists that television has long-term effects that are significant, indirect, gradual but cumulative and influential. ‘Clear-cut violence in any context is coded,’ (Gerbner et al., 1978, p. 179). However, even an indirect demonstration of violence influences young people making them more cruel, angry, and aggressive. Violence is the most frequent phenomenon on TV that increases movies’ rates and companies’ profits. It is evident that Hollywood’s movies influence young people negatively. First, they encourage youth to follow new fashion, hobbies, and lifestyle patterns. Second, young people become obsessed with the desire to be like their favorite characters and actors imitating their way of dressing, eating habits, behavior, and talking. Consequently, they lose their personal identity and become zombies of the imaginary world and life depicted in movies. Moreover, Hollywood makes youth adopt the American culture depicting it as an exemplary one. Third, the young people lose their moral values and become degraded abusing drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes just like their favorite actors. Gerbner et al. (1980) define violence as ‘the overt expression of physical force†¦compelling action against one’s will on pain of being hurt and/or killed or threatened to be so victimized as a part of plot’ (Gerbner et al., 1980, p.:11). It means that the index of violence prevails in the modern movies. Moreover, the scientists insist that television has become a cultural ‘mainstream’ that has a significant and dramatic impact on viewers. Consequently, the role of television should be regarded as the cultivation of attitudes that put human life in danger. Television’s violent imagery can turn into the cruel reality that is characterized by real life perceptions. Researchers insist that most movies affect the worldview appealing to the emotions and feelings. Youths are more emotionally interested in the problems related to changing of views and their status in the community. As Hollywood movies reveal such issues as driving and cutting out parental control, moving away from home, and identity formation, young people become keen on them. Movie content influences the aspects of psychological development. One should not say that movies of Hollywood’s production are totally negative. There are very helpful and useful movies. However, the choice of adolescents is mostly negative, which leads to the retardation of youth’s cognitive development. Another aspect that is influenced by Hollywood movies is sexuality that has changed compared to what it was in the past. Young people begin to forget about the existence of such feelings as shame, fear, and guilt and tend to get involved in the unconventional sexual activities. The problem is t hat youth cannot differentiate between fabrication, truth, misinformation, and information. According to Meyer (1989), TV uses crime-laden and violent programming that can result in becoming a victim of crime, overestimating of actual crime rates, and being victimized by violent crime. Cultivation, like any other kind of mediated effect, occurs embedded within a dynamic process of human social interaction, writes Meyer (1989, p. 788). It means that the interaction of people with television is direct despite its indirect influence. Cultivation theory is based on the communication approaches and exposure of people to TV. According to the cultivation theory, Hollywood movies serve as a black board from which the young people copy violent behavior. The negative effects of Hollywood movies are seen in the vicarious capacity of adopting the negative attitudes. Heavy exposure to movies influences the development of the youth, which is one of the reasons for violence, crime, and aggressive behavior of young people in the society. There is a profound relationship between behavior and motion pictures as motion pictures are presented in an impressionable manner enthralling people and making them forget that they should learn some lesson from a movie. Hollywoods chief function is to provide amusement and entertainment making viewers escape into the land of fantasy. A typical adolescent that watches 150 movies a year will be exposed to such overt immoral behaviors as smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse. Regular watching of television leads to the imitation of the events and feelings depicted in the movies. ‘Television programs such as soap operas and sitcoms cultivate in the viewer a perspective of the world that does not match reality but instead reflects the nature of the television world’, writes Mohan Dutta (2007, p. 1). It means that young people start living a life of other people. For example, many Hollywood movies reveal the problems of adultery, difficult relationships, abortion, pregnancy rates and divorce that result in a happy ending. Consequently, young people live in the idealized world of a movie depriving them of an ability to deal with life problems realistically. Hollywood’s production has achieved media imperialism having a strong power over the viewers and becoming the most dominant and influential type of media. According to social learning theory, young people can adopt deviant and aggressive behavior through modeling and imitating the behavior of actors and movie characters. However, the issue is that Hollywood does not bear responsibility for the anti-social influence on the youth. Speaking about Hollywood movies one should say that there is a disturbing amount of violence that is presented through the sexual relationships. It means that from an early age, adolescents start getting interested in the satisfaction of their physical needs. Consequently, the moral values are ignored and degraded making the behavior of the youth anti-social or deviant. Frequent watching of Hollywood movies makes young people obsessed with many movie stars that serve as examples to follow. It is evident that cinema shapes general lifestyle, behaviors, and attitudes; therefore, it is crucial to watch only ethical and useful ones to ensure the process of moral growth. Gerbner et al. (1978) insist that heavy viewers of television are in the biggest danger. First, if the genre of a movie is horror, it leads to psychological concerns. For example, young people are afraid of walking around the city at night as they are afraid of criminals and other horrors that they have seen in the movie. Another disorder that is observed among the youth is reflected in their desire to hit somebody and release fury or angriness. The cultivation theory shows a significant and consistent relationship between television and the aspects of social reality. It means that movie production has become the cult and part of the common culture. However, the problem is that this culture rarely benefits the community due to its focus on the gained profits rather than feelings evoked by the movie. Consequently, such empty values as money, clothes, jewellery, luxury, and popularity are depicted in Hollywood movies. However, only a few people regard them as unimportant, others are st riving to get them. According to the cultural norms theory, Hollywood movies violate the established norms of culture (not to depict the sexual scenes for the young people, not to use foul language) and provide their own cultural patterns that are perceived by youth. It means that Hollywood movies do not reinforce cultural norms but change them. The Methods Assignment The research question is how Hollywood affects the development and formation of youth, their moral values, and behaviors in a negative way. The specific sub-hypotheses of the research paper are: Hollywood movies have long-term effects on youth that are cumulative and negative. Hollywood deprives young people of individuality and personal identity. Hollywood’s influence can lead to the increase of violence, cruelty and illegal activities among young people. Consequently, this research paper is based on two methods: qualitative and quantative. The research is objective as it combines the primary and secondary sources of information. The qualitative research is based on the academic articles that explain the cultivation theory and its relation to the media influence on the young people. The quantitative research is based on interviewing. 50 young people were chosen for this interview: 25 males and 25 females. These young people had different interests; therefore, one can suppose that this research is objective. At the exploratory stage, it was crucial to identify their interest to media in general and Hollywood movies in particular. To fulfil the objective of the research paper, the semi-structured interview was conducted. The semi-structured interview presupposes open and fixed questions. Interviewing provides necessary information about young people who watch movies. The secondary data such as academic articles on the culmination theory helped to understand the entity of the problem and reveal how other researchers view the influence of movies on the youth. The primary data were obtained from the interview. The questions of the interview were related to the following aspects: frequency of watching television; attitude to movies; the feelings and emotions after watching Hollywood movies; personal opinion about the impact of movies. The researcher asked the questions to understand popularity of Hollywood movies among young people. Each participant of the research was asked the same set of questions. The questions revealed the participant’s attitude to the problem. An informal and friendly atmosphere was created while interviewing to make all participants feel relaxed and confident. Data Analysis Current research paper explains the peculiarities of the cultivation theory and its relation to the television impact. Moreover, the key objective was achieved as it has been proved that Hollywood movies influence the young people’s values negatively. First, Hollywood movies deprive the youth of genuine feelings and emotions, interaction and mutual understanding. They tend to give more value to the appearance, money, and social status like the actors in Hollywood movies. Hollywood movies have long-term effects on youth that are cumulative and negative. It has been determined that 99% respondents watch Hollywood movies. Only 1% of young people stated that they did not watch Hollywood movies. 55% of respondents watched them very often. 30% watched often. 14% of young people watched movies rarely, and only 1% never watched them. Consequently, it has been proved that young people watch Hollywood movies regularly and frequently. Another question was whether movie watching affects the way of dressing. 45% of respondents strongly agreed that Hollywood movies influenced their way of dressing. 20% agreed that they imitated the style of actors from the movie. 20% of respondents did not decide yet. 15% of respondents supposed that Hollywood did not influence their way of dressing. As a result, young people copy the dressing style from movies even if it is not suitable for a real everyday life. Hollywood movies teach them to be bright and glamorous and put appearance above other values. Another crucial question was whether Hollywood movies influenced youth’s behavior. 31 % of respondents agreed that Hollywood movies affected their behavior and their attitudes. Only 11% of young people strongly disagreed with that statement. Consequently, it is evident that Hollywood deprives youth of individuality and personal identity. Another question referred to the impact of Hollywood movies on the sexuality of young people. Consequently, 27 % of respondents answered that characters and actors made them more sexual. 55% of respondents expressed a categorical disagreement with that statement. Consequently, Hollywood movies do not influence the desire of young people to have sex. The respondents were also asked whether Hollywood encouraged them to dress indecently. 37% of young people agreed that it was true. Only 6% of the respondents were against this. Consequently, not all Hollywood movies are negative, and not all young people are deprived of moral qualities. 62% of respondents stated that Hollywood movies shaped their general lifestyle, behaviors, and attitudes. Only 3% of respondents disagreed that Hollywood determined their behavior. The result clearly indicates that Hollywood movies affect the lifestyle and attitudes of young people. The respondents were asked whether Hollywood movies positively influence the learning of new cultures. 62 % strongly agreed that they learnt more about different cultures from movies. Only 3% of young people did not agree that movies were beneficial for them. Another question that had been asked was whether young people tried not to watch sex scenes when they appeared. 14 % agreed with that statement. 86 % of the respondents disagreed with that. It means that young people watch sex scenes with pleasure. Consequently, Hollywood movies encourage them to early sexual life. One can say that the hypothesis and sub-hypotheses were fully proved. Literature review and interviews proved that Hollywood movies were superficial and did not encourage the moral and intellectual development. Moreover, Hollywood movies are based on the wrong values like money, sex, and appearance. Firstly, movies do not provide emotions and feelings that would be beneficial for the individuality. Secondly, watching movies does not guarantee that a person will not feel satisfied as it can develop many psychological disorders as beauty even if it is artificial is a key concern of the characters in movies. Consequently, if young people are not confident and are very modest, they can become even more reserved. One should mention that Hollywood movies have a narrow sphere of application. Consequently, people lose the ability to distinguish between truth and deception, sincerity and slyness, reality and the imagery world. One can say that sybhypotheses are related to the main hypothesis and complete it. Moreover, the world of movies is limited, and it is based on exaggeration, unpractical pieces of advice and possibility not to draw the boundary between reality and fiction. The research clearly demonstrates that most young people are keen on Hollywood movies. One cannot say that Hollywood movies should be forbidden as there are those that have a positive influence on young viewers. One should cut down the exposure of the young people to negative scenes depicted in movies. Young people should be busy with other activities that will help them to replace watching movies with something more useful. The movies should benefit young people. It means that they should learn to accept only good advice and life lessons. The obtained results demonstrate that there is a direct relationship between movies and human behavior. The young people tend to change their social roles under the influence of movies. Movies are dynamic and creative. Consequently, they can influence even passive and static viewers. It is evident that a person should be very intelligent, experienced, realistic, and wise to avoid the negative impact of Hollywood movies. Cultivation theory helped to understand that Hollywood movies are based on the media and cultural imperialism that make them superior and more popular compared to other kinds of mass media and can be the instrument of influence on the audience. Young people can become culturally dependent and dominated. One should say that Hollywood influences the development and formation of youth, their moral values, and behaviors negatively. First, young people can become keen on the negative habits like alcohol and drug abuse. They become too obsessed with their way of dressing and sexuality copying imaginary movie characters. Moreover, young people begin to degrade as they are not interested in reading and other intellectual activities. Hollywood movies have long-term effects on youth that are cumulative and negative. It means that at first young people do not undergo changes for worse. However, soon young people begin to decline morally, become aggressive and even tend to commit crimes. It has been proved that Hollywood movies encourage early sexual life and usage of the foul language. Consequently, such movies encourage young people to behave like adults and influence their psychological development. To sum up, one should mention that Hollywood movies are a direct means of influence that are related to all aspects of human life. As a result, they increase the use of foul language that is a non-normative and restraining aspect of culture. Hollywood movies encourage having early sex and perceiving it as a natural phenomenon. Moreover, they impose the American culture and values as the most progressive one. Hollywood movies have a psychological, cultural, and emotional influence on young people. It is evident that this research paper has its limitations that do not diminish the value of current case study. The first limitation is the choice of the subject. The paper is devoted only to the negative aspect of the social media. However, it does not demonstrate the cases when people really learn good life lessons from Hollywood movies. Secondly, this research paper is restricted by the scope of the research, which is limited to Hollywood movies. Without doubt, these restrictions do not lessen the importance and value of this case study but provide grounds for further and more complex researches. One needs more time, efforts and literature to instruct participants before conducting an interview. Another restriction of this research paper is the lack of available data. Some information was obtained from the interviewees, but it is not enough for a full-fledged analysis.

Changes in Criminal Justice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Changes in Criminal Justice - Research Paper Example Biometrics is used to help identify criminals using specific personally identifiable characteristics. A biometric system recognizes distinct physical or behavioral traits of an individual. Such aspects include fingerprints, retinal scans, facial features, and voice prints (Pankanti et al 2000). Although the use of biometrics revolutionized the justice system, several flaws still exist that limit its effectiveness. Unfortunately, the accuracy of biometric measuring systems is not perfect and leaves a large room for error. In addition, biometric information can only help catch a criminal if his biometric measures are recorded in a database. As of right now, only certain people are recorded in such databases such as former criminals and government employees (Jain et al 2004). In order to decrease crime, the future might show the increased input of individuals into databases. For example, biometric information may be recorded at birth. In addition, there will mostly likely be a greater v ariety and more widespread use of biometric systems (Jain et al 2004). While biometrics currently helps catch criminals, its usage will mostly grow in the future due to technological advances. Another aspect of criminal justice likely to advantageous change in the future is cybercrime protection. ... As the Internet continues to become more prevalent in society, it will become increasing important to protect information passed via the Internet. Therefore, the future will most likely see increased security measures in order to block cyber criminals. The use of nanotechnology will increase the criminals’ ability to steal information using nanobots or computer robots to record information. This will require advanced firewalls to block (Finnie et al 2010). An important aspect of crime protection in the future will surround computer and Internet crimes. Arguably, the most significant change in the criminal justice system likely to place within the next fifty years is a shift in the penal system. The modern prison began in the 1970s and, although, they are theoretically referred to as correctional institutions, a more appropriate name would be violent or convict prisons. The period grew from disaffection with the concept of rehabilitation, an increase in the racialization of pri son, and strict legislation in response to the increase in recreation drug use (Haney & Zimbardo 1998). An increase in the availability and subsequent fear of drugs sparked the nation’s War on Drugs, Determinate Mandatory Law, and Truth in Sentencing. A predetermined amount of prison time distinct to each crime increases the number of inmates. In relation to drugs, the strict law increases the number of inmates locked up for relatively petty offenses such as possession of an illegal substance because a sentence cannot be reduce due to good behavior and, one has to serve at least 85% of the sentence. This increase in strict legislation has induced a rapid growth in prison population. This has resulted in overcrowded prisons, and the constant need for more prison spaces.

Narcissism and toxic leadersheip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Narcissism and toxic leadersheip - Essay Example (Pfeffer, 2012) One of the most recent examples of such leadership behavior is that of the Gen. Petraeus who was disgraced and has to resign from the position of CIA Head. It is argued that those in power tend to often forget about others and pursue their own goals and become action oriented. Petraeus was also considered as one such leader who believed that rules are not for them and that they are special and invulnerable. However, the fact that Gen. Petraeus was removed from his position because he acted on his impulses and engaged in activities which were considered as unethical from a leader of his position and power. This paper will discuss the personality of Gen. Petraeus as a Narcissistic leader and what impact he had on his organization, explore as to whether followers were contributing towards this toxic vision and what organizational checks and balances were in place to control his behavior. One of the key requirements of working in an organization like CIA is the extreme confidentiality as well as the secrecy. As per the existing procedures, CIA officials are required to maintain both these aspects of doing their job. It has been argued that the overall behavior of Gen actually compromised the national security because he was not only a four start General in US army but also fought important wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. He was accused of having unacceptable extramarital affairs with his biographer Paula Broadwell who was studying his leadership behavior during US’s war in Afghanistan and Iraq. Self-Centered model of leadership can result into negative outcomes for the organizations especially if leaders are not productive. A relative alternative of this approach is character centric leadership style which can offer leaders a relative and practical advantage over others. However, for Narcissist leaders, character

Finance - write up a executive summary and recommendation Essay

Finance - write up a executive summary and recommendation - Essay Example These expenses are related to the land bought to expand business in future. The dilemma with the management of the company is what should be done with this land. They have two options; first option is that they can sell off this land for an impressive amount of $235,000 and also save the increasing annual maintenance expenses @3% which is $16,000 at the moment. The second option with the management is to use this land in expanding the existing business by setting up a new spray booth and workshop. This report provides an analysis and evaluation of these two options in hand for FBSR. We have used the capital budgeting tools such as Net present value (NPV), operating cash flow and sensitivity analysis in order to determine the feasibility of the options available at hand. The relevant calculations, with respect to each of the analysis technique used, can be found in the appendices. Our analysis is all depending on John’s assumptions which means our belief is the probability of a ssumption would range from NPV various. Within this analysis of the insurance project of the business, operation cash flow and profitability is the decide the feasibility of business. it’s the company’s choice of whether or not to take the insurance project in the business. Meanwhile, 10% increase or decrease in revenue and wages & maintenance fee of is under concern.

LOTTE Confectionery: Strategy Evaluation

LOTTE Confectionery: Strategy Evaluation 1. Background LOTTE Confectionery is No1.confectionery Company that holds multiple No1 selling products of gum, candy, chocolate and biscuit segments in Korea domestic market. LOTTE Confectionery stands in unrivaled position by Xylitol and occupies strong position in chocolate by Ghana chocolate and Dream Cacao. Orion Confectionery international sale exceeded domestic sale in 2009. Orion Confectionery ranks 1st in international sale among Korean confectionery companies and possesses enormous growth rate at international market, because Orion Confectionery releases gentrified domestic products to international market. Domestic confectionery market is Red Ocean, recently revenue has been decreased. Domestic confectionery market is saturated in fact (EDaily. 2011.01.11). Even Foreign confectionery companies are joining and intensifying competition in Korea. The scale and profitability of international market are larger and higher than domestic market. Thus, Korean Major Food companies decided to enter oversea markets. Among them, Orion Confectionery ranks at 1st in international confectionery business. 2. Current strategy of LOTTE Confectionery 1) Me Too strategy ‘Me Too strategy is a business strategy that following company emulates a market leading companys strategy. It is called as ‘Market follower strategy or ‘Imitation strategy. With this strategy, a follower can gain many advantages. The market leader often bears the huge expenses of developing new products and markets, expanding distribution, and education the market. By contrast, as with challengers, the market follower can learn from the leaders experience. LOTTE Confectionery is a typical company to uses ‘me too strategies for products. There are many cases that LOTTE Conf. emulates competitors successful products. Table 1. Me too products cases in LOTTE Confectionery Competitor Product (Company) LOTTE Conf. Product Remarks Competitor Product (Company) LOTTE Conf. Product Remarks Chocopie (ORION) Chocopie Pie (HAITAI) Snack Homerunball (HAITAI) Myball Snack DR.YOU (ORION) Mothers finger Premium Product Brand Source: Interview with ORION employee LOTTE Confectionery applies ‘Me too Strategy for overseas business. The Main countries where LOTTE Conf. constructed product factories by itself are China, Vietnam, Russia and India. Except India, the entry timings of LOTTE for 3 counties are recognized as ‘me too strategy. In China market, ORION entered in 1993 and LOTTE entered 1 year later. Vietnam where LOTTE entered in 2007 as acquisition of BBICA, 2nd biggest confectionery company in Vietnam, was open to ORION 2 years early. ORION established a local subsidiary company, OFV (ORION Food Vietnam Company), in 2005 and constructed local factory in 2006. In Russia market, ORION established OFR (ORION Food Russia Company) in 2003. ORION constructed a chocolate factory near Moscow in 2004 and second factory for overall confectionery manufacture in 2006. But LOTTE established LOTTE KF RUS LLC in 2007. Table 2. ORION LOTTE Confectionery Overseas entry time Country ORION LOTTE China In 1993, Establishing Beijing Office In 1994, Establishing local subsidiary Vietnam In 2005, Establishing ORION Food Vietnam Company In 2007, Acquiring 30% stocks of BBICA Russia In 2003, Establishing ORION Food Russia Company In 2007, Establishing LOTTE KF RUS LLC Source: Financial News, â€Å"LOTTE, Following ORION?† February 25.2008, LOTTE Confectionery on-line homepage, â€Å"History† (http://www.LOTTEconf.co.kr/images/company/pic_hi05.jpg) 2) MA Strategy LOTTE confectionery has invested 500 billion KRW to overseas market by 2010. LOTTE focused VRICs (Vietnam, Russia, India, China) with acquisition local companies and factory construction. Sales result was under than expectation. LOTTE oversea sales consistantly increased and last year recorded 500 bil KRW. They have a 650 bil KRW sales target this year. LOTTE sped up their global business as entering China, India, Vietnam, Belgium, Russia and Pakistan (6th largest population). 1 China LOTTE confectionery established â€Å"LOTTE China foods limited liability company† in Beijing, China in 1994 and in 2005 it acquired â€Å"Qingdao foods limited liability company† which renamed later â€Å"LOTTE Qingdao foods limited liability company†. In 2006 it also acquired â€Å"Shanghai foods limited liability company† and renamed it as â€Å"LOTTE Shanghai foods limited liability company†. The revenue in China in 2005 was about 90 billion Korean Won and slowly increased to 100 billion KRW in 2006, as the chocolate product which is main product of LOTTE Shanghai foods LLC hit its strides in 2006, the revenue jumped up to 140 billion KRW in 2008. LOTTE China foods limited liability company- Choco Pie, Gum Production LOTTE Confectionerys expansion into the Chinese Market was especially remarkable. Even through the heated competition of Global Food Industries, LOTTE was able to capture the Chinese Flavor. LOTTE indicates that it was possible because â€Å"Steady exportation and Improvement of the Corporate image from the early 80s and the supply of eminent products due to the establishment of Local plants in the Mid 90s.† Before any diplomatic relations between Korea and China, LOTTE Confectionery concentrated on supplying eminent brand products through Hong Kong. Thus LOTTE has succeeded in establishing long term faith. Lets take a look on a couple of cases. Supporting Horse Racing hosted by local merchants, production and promotion of CafÃÆ' © Coffee Gum to help Chinese quit smoking, campaign to help victims of flood damage and other activities to capture the heart of the Chinese. Through these efforts, in August of 1994, LOTTE Confectionery established the ‘LOTTE China foods limited liability company in the Economy Technology Development Zone in Beijing. Thus it has made possible to supply suitable local products. The first established local factory was completely co-operational. LOTTE Confectionery, Japan LOTTE, and Mitsui invested in the factory and are now developed in 3 divisions. The 1st factory produced Choco-pie, Cream Cake, Koalamazzi, The 2nd factory produced plate gum, and bubble gum. The 3rd factory produced Xylitol gum, Coating gum. Among these products, it can be said that GUM represents LOTTE Confectionery. Chewing gum started being produced and sold in September of 2001, Xylitol gum, plate gum in 2002 and Coating gum in 2003.Products from these factories were sold in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and other areas of China. Also the market share in China exceeded 30%. LOTTE Qingdao Foods Limited Liability Company- snacks, biscuit production In 1996 the ‘Qingdao Foods Limited Liability Companywas established at the science and technology park of Qingdao. Based on gaining the trust of Chinese, LOTTE Confectionery solely invested and acquired Qingdao Foods Limited Liability Company in 2005. Main products of that company were snacks and biscuits such as Myball, Peanut-cuttlefish ball, Choco-pie, Custard, Strawberry pie and other pies. Especially the popularity of the Custard and Choco-pie is sharply increasing and is expected to regenerate the CRAZE in Korean Market. LOTTE Shanghai Foods Limited Liability Company- Production of raw liquid of chocolate. In 2006 ‘LOTTE Shanghai Foods Limited Liability Company was solely acquired by LOTTE Confectionery, established in 1993. This factory was mainly producing the raw liquid of chocolate. In January of 2007, LOTTE Confectionery and Hersheys signed a strategic alliance to manufacture and sell the main products from this factory. And from October 2007, LOTTE Confectionery started to manufacture and supply its popular products, Ghana and Dream CaCao into all over the Chinese market. (Source: Journal ‘The Buyer 2008) 2 India LOTTE acquired Parrys in May 2004. It was a sole invest, not joint venture. LOTTE firstly acquired 60.39% stock and gained the rest later. Stock acquisition cost was about 23.2 Bil KRW. Parrys Confectionery Ltd, established in 1914, was one of the representative confectionery companies in India. Annual sales are over 22 Bil KRW. By acquiring Parrys, LOTTE could preoccupy India confectionery market as well as secured the price competitiveness making India as production base for exporting to Africa and Middle East area. (Source: 2004/5/21 food new media) 3 Vietnam In 2007, LOTTE acquired 30% stocks of BBiCa which was the 2nd largest confectionery company with annual sales 20Bil KRW in Vietnam. Using BBiCas sales network over the country, LOTTE expected to expand market presence in Vietnam, the population was about 84 Mil in 2007. (Source: 2007/10/05 Medical today media) 4 Pakistan LOTTE Confectionery acquired Pakistan Kolson companys (K. S. Sulemanji Esmailji Sons (Private) Limited) stock 69.45% (20 Bil KRW) and became the biggest stockholder. Through this acquisition, LOTTE could begin a nationwide business in Pakistan. Pakistan confectionery market size was the 1/3 of Koreans. However it was expected to grow 10% each year, since the population under the age of 14 was 37%. (Source: LOTTE Confectionary Internal Data) Kolson was founded in 1942, one of the leading company with asset 53.2 bil KRW and annual sales were about 33 bil KRW. Kolson had the 2nd largest market share (29%) in snack, 4th(6%) in biscuit, the 1st(44%) in pasta market in 2010. 3) Synergy with LOTTE groups affiliates LOTTE has a vision to make a global brand just like Samsung and Wal-Mart. One of the key strategies for achieving this goal is building â€Å"LOTTE Town† LOTTE has already opened â€Å"Moscow LOTTE Town† on last October, 2010, which is consisting of luxury hotels and department stores. That was the first oversea â€Å"LOTTE Town† Also in Hanoi, Vietnam and in Shenyang, China are under construction â€Å"LOTTE Town† which is planning to complete the end of 2013 in Hanoi, and to complete the end of 2015 in Shenyang. 1 Building LOTTE Town in China and Vietnam By 2018, LOTTE will build more than 10 LOTTE Town in Nanjing, Shanghai, Chengdu in China-, Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam, and Jakarta in Indonesia, etc, to serve them as a growth base for the LOTTEs global business. Additional oversea LOTTE Town will be constructed mainly focusing on VRICs (Vietnam, Russia, Indonesia, China)In China, Nanjing Jenye District, Shanghai Zhabei District, Sichuan Province, Chengdu Jin Jiang District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan , Shandong Weihai , Chongqing, and Wuhan, LOTTE is discussing with those cities and governments for consulting the land, building size, business information in LOTTE Town. Those complex projects are targeting to complete in 2014 to 2015. In Vietnam, following Hanoi, Ho Chi min and Danang are planning to construct LOTTE Town. Jakarta in Indonesia and St. Petersburg .in Russia -following Moscow-, are pushing ahead for LOTTE Town. 2 LOTTE Town and LOTTE Confectionery global business LOTTE group is planning LOTTE Town construction, mainly targeting on rising countries such as China. Those countries are just about to create consumer markets based on high-growing economic development and high-growing spending spree. If LOTTE Confectionery is starting global business based on LOTTE Town, it can amplify the synergy to promote sales and maximize profits. 3 Overseas company management with Japan LOTTE LOTTE Confectionery has a lot of local subsidiary companies. And most of them are operated in collaboration with Japan LOTTE. It seems to make more stable business circumstance. Japan LOTTE has more overseas experience (Established LOTTE USA in 1978, and so on) and financing capacity (Low Yen Carry interest, and so on). Therefore LOTTE could share Japan LOTTE strengths and hedge against overseas business risks. Table 3. Overseas collaboration subsidiaries Local subsidiary Country Overseas collaboration companies LOTTE China Foods Co., Ltd China Japan LOTTE, Mitsui Co, LOTTE Confectionery etc. LOTTE Philippines Foods Co., Inc Philippines Japan LOTTE, Japan Taiwan Trade, Philippines Nugget Food LOTTE Vietnam Foods Co., Ltd Vietnam Japan LOTTE, Marubeni Co. LOTTE Packaging(Beijing) Foods Co., Ltd China Japan LOTTE LOTTE Taiwan Co., Ltd Taiwan Japan LOTTE Shandong FengCheng Cold beverage Limited liability company China LOTTE Invest Limited liability company, Shandong FengCheng Food Limited liability company LOTTE Trade And Distribution. PT Indonesia Japan LOTTE Source: Korea Information Service. INC, â€Å"LOTTE Confectionery Contingent liability and Contract clause† (http://www.kisline.com/) 3. Conclusion 1) LOTTE Confectionery SWOT analysis For strategy proposal, we analyze SWOT of LOTTE confectionery as below. Table 4. SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses A huge domestic and global distribution network and its affiliates A variety of No. 1 family brand held Excellent production facilities Abundant capital for investment Limitation of Me-Too strategy on premium product Poor performance in overseas investment Weak innovation strategy Centralized decision making Opportunities Threats Synergy with LOTTE Groups international strategy Target countrys (VRICs) population growth Keen competition with local and global companies Diversity of local consumers tastes 2) LOTTE Confectionerys key strategies Given circumstances and above analysis, we can find 4 key strategies for LOTTE Confectionery in terms of International Business Management. First, Strengthening MA (Brownfield method) based on abundant capital power Saving time for market penetration Risk hedging Table 5. Entry mode of Lotte and Orion Entry mode LOTTE Orion Remark Ownership MA O X Greenfield O Trading Exporting O O Importing X X Collaboration strategies Low commitment (Licensing) X X High commitment (JVs) O X Second, Synergy effect through Groups alignment Economy of scale economy of scope Cooperating with LOTTE Town Third. Decentralization for decision making Localization strategy for specific circumstances of each country Timely responsiveness Lastly, Market leading through innovation strategy Allocating investment in RD Recruiting and educating global experts

Expansion of EU :: Economics Trade Indian IT Companies Essays

Expansion of EU The EU Expansion of May 2004 On May 1, 2004, new members were added to EU. The current round of expansion brings 10 new EU kids on the block: Slovenia, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Cyprus, and Malta. There are more to follow in the EU candidate list. Many of these countries are of varying economic strengths and per capita incomes. The average Gross National Product of the newer countries is significantly different from the first 12 member nations of the EU. Indian IT Industry India has a well-trained work force and the largest pool of English speaking workers anywhere outside native English speaking countries. India produces more engineers and MBAs than any European country. The educated workforce and the currency exchange rates are the prime factors that make India a very attractive location for software development. India’s quality workforce is among the least paid in the world, yet the workers can afford a good standard of living, due to relatively low cost of living in India. Due to these factors, India has emerged as leading software exporter in the world. USA and Europe are the biggest markets for the Indian software companies. The IT exports were worth $12.5 billion in the fiscal year 2003-2004. Trade between India and Europe Before the formation of the EU, USA was the single largest trading partner for India. Many European countries like UK, Germany and France were the other major partners. After the EU came into being, it has replaced USA as India’s leading trade partner. The major industries involved in India-EU trade are steel, cement, Computer Software, etc. India has had much greater business relations with the western European countries as compared to the eastern European countries. Bilateral trade between India and UK grew by over 20% during 2003. The UK is the second largest investor to India. India was the 8th largest investor in the UK in 2003. The UK attracts over 60% of India's investment in Europe. India is the UK's 17th largest export market. India and Germany have strong bi-lateral trade relations. Last year, Germany's trade volume with India totaled some â‚ ¬5 billion ($5.6 billion). India’s IT sector has very strong business relations with Germany. The Changing Scenario? The basic principles on which EU functions involve removal of trade barriers among member countries and facilitation of free movement of people within the EU. Does this also involve restrictive trade practices and exclusion of workers from non-EU countries?